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1.
Span J Psychol ; 21: E3, 2018 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29490718

RESUMO

The facilitating role of the facial expression of surprise in the discrimination of the facial expression of fear was analyzed. The sample consisted of 202 subjects that undertook a forced-choice test in which they had to decide as quickly as possible whether the facial expression displayed on-screen was one of fear, anger or happiness. Variations were made to the prime expression (neutral expression, or one of surprise); the target expression (facial expression of fear, anger or happiness), and the prime duration (50 ms, 150 ms or 250 ms). The results revealed shorter reaction times in the response to the expression of fear when the prime expression was one of surprise, with a prime duration of 50 ms (p = .009) and 150 ms (p = .001), compared to when the prime expression was a neutral one. By contrast, the reaction times were longer in the discrimination of an expression of fear when the prime expression was one of surprise with a prime duration of 250 ms (p < .0001), compared to when the prime expression was a neutral one. This pattern of results was obtained solely in the discrimination of the expression of fear. The discussion focuses on these findings and the possible functional continuity between surprise and fear.


Assuntos
Emoções/fisiologia , Expressão Facial , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Medo/fisiologia , Percepção Social , Adulto , Ira/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Feminino , Felicidade , Humanos , Masculino , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
2.
Span. j. psychol ; 21: e3.1-e3.9, 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-171579

RESUMO

The facilitating role of the facial expression of surprise in the discrimination of the facial expression of fear was analyzed. The sample consisted of 202 subjects that undertook a forced-choice test in which they had to decide as quickly as possible whether the facial expression displayed on-screen was one of fear, anger or happiness. Variations were made to the prime expression (neutral expression, or one of surprise); the target expression (facial expression of fear, anger or happiness), and the prime duration (50 ms, 150 ms or 250 ms). The results revealed shorter reaction times in the response to the expression of fear when the prime expression was one of surprise, with a prime duration of 50 ms (p = .009) and 150 ms (p = .001), compared to when the prime expression was a neutral one. By contrast, the reaction times were longer in the discrimination of an expression of fear when the prime expression was one of surprise with a prime duration of 250 ms (p < .0001), compared to when the prime expression was a neutral one. This pattern of results was obtained solely in the discrimination of the expression of fear. The discussion focuses on these findings and the possible functional continuity between surprise and fear (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Expressão Facial , Reconhecimento Facial , Medo/psicologia , Emoções , Atitude , Reflexo de Sobressalto , Tempo de Reação
3.
Eur J Psychol ; 13(2): 286-299, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28580027

RESUMO

Mortality salience, or awareness of the inevitability of one's own death, generates a state of anxiety that triggers a defense mechanism for the control of thinking that affects different human activities and psychological processes. This study aims to analyze the effect of mortality salience on the formation of impressions. The sample comprised 135 women who made inferences about a woman's personality from information about her life (type of life, LT: positive, negative), provided through five words, all positive or negative, that appeared surrounding a photograph, together with a sixth word that indicated whether she was "dead" or "alive" at the time (mortality manipulation, MM: dead, alive). The results pointed to a more negative assessment of life (Dead M - Alive M = -1.16, SE = .236, p < .001), emotional stability (Dead M - Alive M = -1.13, SE = .431, p = .010), and responsibility (Dead M - Alive M = -1.14, SE = .423, p = .008) only when the participants had access to negative information about the person assessed, and she was known to be dead. We discuss the results within the framework of Terror Management Theory, and analyze the different effects that the manipulation of mortality has on the formation of impressions depending on the type of information available.

4.
An. psicol ; 33(2): 211-217, mayo 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-161574

RESUMO

An analysis was conducted on the modulating role that the emotional coherence between verbal and non-verbal information plays on the formation of impressions. The study involved 301 subjects who made inferences on a woman’s personality based on verbal information on her life (positive, negative), the emotional coherence between verbal and nonverbal information (coherent, neutral, incoherent), and the type of coding, referring to the moment when the verbal and non-verbal information was presented to them (simultaneously, separately). The results showed that when the information is positive, coherent and the coding has been made separately, the person is perceived to be more stable, pleasant and sociable. The results are discussed, along with their implications for the adaptive processes present in natural contexts


Se analizó el papel modulador de la coherencia emocional entre la información verbal y no verbal en la formación de impresiones. Participaron 301 sujetos que realizaron inferencias sobre la personalidad de una mujer a partir de información verbal sobre su vida (positiva, negativa), la coherencia emocional entre la información verbal y no verbal (coherente, neutral, incoherente) y el tipo de codificación, referida al momento en el que se les presentó la información verbal y no verbal (simultánea, separada). Los resultados mostraron que cuando la información es positiva, coherente y la codificación se ha realizado por separado, se considera más estable, amable y sociable a la persona percibida. Se discuten los resultados y su implicación en los procesos adaptativos presentes en los contextos naturales


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Verbal , Senso de Coerência , Comunicação não Verbal/psicologia , Emoções , Expressão Facial , Percepção Social
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(7): 316-320, 1 abr., 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135428

RESUMO

Introduction. Facial expression of emotion has an important social function that facilitates interaction between people. This process has a neurological basis, which is not isolated from the context, or the experience of the interaction between people in that context. Yet, to date, the impact that experience has on the perception of emotions is not completely understood. Aims. To discuss the role of experience in the recognition of facial expression of emotions and to analyze the biases towards emotional perception. Development. The maturation of the structures that support the ability to recognize emotion goes through a sensitive period during adolescence, where experience may have greater impact on emotional recognition. Experiences of abuse, neglect, war, and stress generate a bias towards expressions of anger and sadness. Similarly, positive experiences generate a bias towards the expression of happiness. Conclusions. Only when people are able to use the facial expression of emotions as a channel for understanding an expression, will they be able to interact appropriately with their environment. This environment, in turn, will lead to experiences that modulate this capacity. Therefore, it is a self-regulatory process that can be directed through the implementation of intervention programs on emotional aspects (AU)


Introducción. La expresión facial de las emociones tiene una función social importante que facilita la interacción entre las personas. Este proceso tiene una base neurológica, que no se aísla del contexto ni de la experiencia acumulada por la interacción entre las personas en dicho contexto. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se conocen con claridad los efectos de la experiencia sobre la percepción de las emociones. Objetivos. Discutir qué función desempeña la experiencia en el reconocimiento de la expresión facial de las emociones y analizar los sesgos que las experiencias negativas y positivas podrían tener sobre la percepción emocional. Desarrollo. La maduración de las estructuras que soportan la capacidad para reconocer la emoción pasa por un período sensible durante la adolescencia, donde la experiencia adquirida puede tener mayor impacto sobre el reconocimiento emocional. Experiencias de abuso, maltrato, abandono, guerras o estrés generan un sesgo hacia las expresiones de ira y tristeza. De igual manera, las experiencias positivas dan lugar a un sesgo hacia la expresión de alegría. Conclusiones. Sólo cuando las personas son capaces de utilizar la expresión facial de las emociones como un canal de comprensión y expresión interaccionarán de manera adecuada con su entorno. Este entorno, a su vez, dará lugar a experiencias que modulan dicha capacidad. Por lo tanto, es un proceso autorregulatorio que puede ser dirigido a través de la implementación de programas de intervención sobre los aspectos emocionales (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Percepção Social , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Músculos Faciais/inervação , Expressão Facial , Emoções/fisiologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Violência , Jogos de Vídeo , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Psicologia da Criança , Psicologia do Adolescente , Lobo Occipital/fisiologia , Relações Interpessoais , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia
6.
Rev Neurol ; 60(7): 316-20, 2015 Apr 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25806481

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Facial expression of emotion has an important social function that facilitates interaction between people. This process has a neurological basis, which is not isolated from the context, or the experience of the interaction between people in that context. Yet, to date, the impact that experience has on the perception of emotions is not completely understood. AIMS: To discuss the role of experience in the recognition of facial expression of emotions and to analyze the biases towards emotional perception. DEVELOPMENT: The maturation of the structures that support the ability to recognize emotion goes through a sensitive period during adolescence, where experience may have greater impact on emotional recognition. Experiences of abuse, neglect, war, and stress generate a bias towards expressions of anger and sadness. Similarly, positive experiences generate a bias towards the expression of happiness. CONCLUSIONS: Only when people are able to use the facial expression of emotions as a channel for understanding an expression, will they be able to interact appropriately with their environment. This environment, in turn, will lead to experiences that modulate this capacity. Therefore, it is a self-regulatory process that can be directed through the implementation of intervention programs on emotional aspects.


TITLE: Papel de la experiencia en la neurologia de la expresion facial de las emociones.Introduccion. La expresion facial de las emociones tiene una funcion social importante que facilita la interaccion entre las personas. Este proceso tiene una base neurologica, que no se aisla del contexto ni de la experiencia acumulada por la interaccion entre las personas en dicho contexto. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se conocen con claridad los efectos de la experiencia sobre la percepcion de las emociones. Objetivos. Discutir que funcion desempeña la experiencia en el reconocimiento de la expresion facial de las emociones y analizar los sesgos que las experiencias negativas y positivas podrian tener sobre la percepcion emocional. Desarrollo. La maduracion de las estructuras que soportan la capacidad para reconocer la emocion pasa por un periodo sensible durante la adolescencia, donde la experiencia adquirida puede tener mayor impacto sobre el reconocimiento emocional. Experiencias de abuso, maltrato, abandono, guerras o estres generan un sesgo hacia las expresiones de ira y tristeza. De igual manera, las experiencias positivas dan lugar a un sesgo hacia la expresion de alegria. Conclusiones. Solo cuando las personas son capaces de utilizar la expresion facial de las emociones como un canal de comprension y expresion interaccionaran de manera adecuada con su entorno. Este entorno, a su vez, dara lugar a experiencias que modulan dicha capacidad. Por lo tanto, es un proceso autorregulatorio que puede ser dirigido a traves de la implementacion de programas de intervencion sobre los aspectos emocionales.


Assuntos
Emoções/fisiologia , Expressão Facial , Músculos Faciais/inervação , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Percepção Social , Adolescente , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Compreensão , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Lobo Occipital/fisiologia , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicologia da Criança , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Jogos de Vídeo , Violência
7.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 5(1): 1846-1859, abr. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-761460

RESUMO

La capacidad para reconocer las emociones es un factor necesario para la normal adaptación del niño al medio social y educativo; además de permitir la detección de trastornos como el autismo, la ansiedad y la depresión en etapas tempranas del desarrollo. Con el objetivo de comprender este proceso se realizó un experimento en el que participaron 47 niños distribuidos en tres grupos de edad (6-7, 8-9. 10-11 años), que visualizaron fotografías de expresiones faciales y corporales de alegría, tristeza, ira y miedo. Se les pidió que reconocieran la emoción expresada a partir de etiquetas relativas a estas emociones básicas y representadas con emoticonos. Los resultados mostraron un mejor reconocimiento de las expresiones faciales y corporales de miedo en los niños de 8-11 años respecto a los de 6-7 años (p < .01, r > .50). Por otro lado, se mostraron diferencias significativas (p < .01, r > .50), en el reconocimiento de las expresiones faciales de ira respecto a las corporales de ira, entre los niños de 6-7 años y los de 8-11 años. Mientras los niños de 6-7 años discriminan mejor la expresión facial de ira que la corporal, estas diferencias se invirtieron en los niños de 8-11 años. De los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que el reconocimiento de las expresiones emocionales de ira y miedo es un importante indicador del adecuado desarrollo del niño. Educar en el reconocimiento de estas emociones a partir de la edad de 7 años, podría facilitar una mejor regulación emocional, con un efecto beneficioso sobre el rendimiento académico del niño.


The ability to recognize emotions is necessary for the normal child's adjustment to the social and educational environment, and to identify disorders including autism, anxiety and depression in the early stages of development. An experiment was performed to understanding this process. The participants were 47 children distributed in three groups (6-7, 8-9. 10-11 years). Children had to see pictures of facial and corporal expressions of happiness, sadness, anger and fear. Participants were than asked to say if they recognized the facial and corporal expressed emotion, from a labels related to these basic emotions and represented by emoticons. The results showed enhanced recognition of facial and corporal expressions of fear in children of 8-11 years olds compared to those of 6-7 years olds (p < .01, r > .50). On the other hand, the result showed significant differences (p < .01, r > .50), between children of 6-7 and 8-11 years olds, in the recognition of facial expressions of anger than the corporal expressions of anger. Children of 6-7 years olds showed enhanced recognition of facial expression of anger than corporal expression of anger. These differences were reversed in children of 8-11 years olds. One may conclude that anger and fear facial expressions recognition is an important indicator of the proper development of children. Emotional learning from 7 years olds, will ensure better emotional regulation, and a beneficial effect on the child's performance in school.

8.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 32(113): 55-65, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97786

RESUMO

La esclerosis múltiple afecta el sistema nervioso produciendo alteraciones cognitivas. La memoria es uno de los más afectados, no obstante la naturaleza ó factor primario de alteración aún no se clarifica. Objetivo: Estudiar las diferencias en el procesamiento de la información verbal en un grupo de pacientes con esta patología neurológica respecto a un grupo de control sano. Para ello se analizó el desempeño neuropsicológico de 16 pacientes con esclerosis múltiple de tipo remitente-recurrente y un grupo de control equiparado en las variables sociodemográficas. A los dos grupos se les aplicó el Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense, y se realizó una comparación entre diversos índices de la prueba, además de un análisis de correlaciones entre las variables socio-demográficas del grupo experimental para identificar algún factor protector. Resultados: el grupo de esclerosis múltiple obtuvo rendimientos inferiores en los índices analizados respecto al de control, además de una correlación positiva entre años de escolaridad y el inicio de la enfermedad y entre el inicio de la enfermedad y la ocupación. Los datos encontrados parecen indicar que los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple tienen poca capacidad de planificación, que incide de manera directa en su desempeño en tareas de memoria y aprendizaje(AU)


Multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system causing cognitive impairment. Memory is one of the most affected, notwithstanding the nature or primary factor of disturbance is not yet clarified. Objective: To study the differences in verbal information processing in a group of this neurological pathology patients compared to healthy control group. To do this we examined the neuropsychological performance of 16 patients with multiple sclerosis relapsing-remitting type and a control group. The two groups were administered the Verbal Learning Test Spain-Complutense and a comparison between various test indices in both groups, and an analysis of correlation between socio-demographic variables in the experimental group to identify a protective factor. Results: Multiple sclerosis group obtained lower scores on indices analyzed with respect to control, as well as positive correlation between years of schooling and the onset of the disease and between the onset of the disease and occupation. The data found suggest that multiple sclerosis patients have little ability to plan, which directly affects their performance in learning and memory tasks(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Neuropsicologia/tendências , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Neuropsicologia/instrumentação
9.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 2(2): 94-103, jul.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-714502

RESUMO

El sobrepeso se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud más importantes en el último siglo, no sólo por el deterioro en la calidad de vida de las personas que lo sufren, también por su relación con enfermedades como la diabetes, las cardiopatías y el cáncer. Desarrollo. La mayoría de los tratamientos están orientados a mantener el equilibrio entre el ingreso (dieta) y el gasto (actividad física) energético, mientras los factores psicológicos, y en menor grado los sociodemográficos, no reciben la importancia que merecen por su papel en la etiología y desarrollo de este problema de salud. Objetivo. Analizar y reflexionar, a través de la literatura científica presente en los últimos años, sobre la necesidad de educar y entrenar en dos procesos centrales e inductores de la pérdida de peso, como son la autorreflexión y la volición, muy relacionados con el correcto desarrollo psicológico de las personas. Conclusiones. La focalización en los aspectos volitivos y autorreflexivos de la conducta en personas con sobrepeso podría mejorar la efectividad del tratamiento por la estrecha relación que mantienen con la motivación ("querer adelgazar") y el autoconcepto ("imagen de uno mismo"), procesos éstos que se han mostrado importantes en la reducción de peso.


Overweight has become one of the most important health problems in the last hundred years, not only owing to the deterioration in quality of life of the persons suffering from it, but also because of its relation to diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Development. Most treatments are oriented towards maintaining a balance between intake (diet) and expenditure of energy (physical activity), whereas psychological, and to a lesser degree, socio-demographic, factors do not receive they attention they deserve for their role in the etiology and development of this health problem. Objective. To analyze and reflect, based on the most recent scientific literature, about the need to educate and train individuals in two central process that induce weight loss: self-reflection and volition, very closely related to correct psychological development. Conclusions. Focusing on volitional and self-reflexive aspects of behavior in persons who are overweight could improve the effectiveness of treatment owing to the close relation between motivation ("wanting to lose weight") and self-concept ("one's image of oneself"), processes that have been shown to be important in weight reduction.

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